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The Islamic calendar (or Hijri calendar) is a purely lunar calendar. It contains 12 months that are based on the motion of the moon, and because 12 synodic months is only 12 x 29.53=354.36 days, the Islamic calendar is consistently shorter than a tropical year, and therefore it shifts with respect to the Christian calendar.
The calendar is based on the Qur'an (Sura IX, 36-37) and its proper observance is a sacred duty for Muslims.
The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia. But other Muslim countries use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes and only turn to the Islamic calendar for religious purposes.
The Prophet 
said in the sermon of his farewell Hajj that "with Allah, the months are twelve in number". The Islamic calendar is based on 12 lunar months called:
said in the sermon of his farewell Hajj that "with Allah, the months are twelve in number". The Islamic calendar is based on 12 lunar months called:1. Muharram
2. Safar
3. Rabi-ul-Awwal
4. Rabi-ul-Akhir
5. Jumaada-al-Oola
6. Jumaada-ath-Thaani
7. Rajab
8. Sha'baan
9. Ramadhaan
10. Shawwaal
11. Zul-Qa'dah
12. Zul-Hijjah
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